Saturday 4 September 2010

200 kW ground mount

solar energy

Sunday 20 June 2010

energy development

Schematic of the current sources of energyEnergy development is the effort to provide sufficient primary energy{Primary energy is energy found in nature that has not been subjected to any conversion or transformation process. It is energy contained in raw fuels as well as other forms of energy received as input to a system.} sources and secondary energy forms to fulfill supply, cost, impact on air pollution and water pollution, and whether or not the source is Renewable{Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable.}



Technologically advanced societies have become increasingly dependent on external energy sources for transportation, the production of many manufactured goods, and the delivery of energy services. This energy allows people who can afford the cost to live under otherwise unfavorable climatic conditions through the use of heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning. Level of use of external energy sources differs across societies, as do the climate, convenience, levels of traffic congestion, pollution and availability of domestic energy sources.


All terrestrial energy sources except nuclear, geothermal{Geothermal power (from the Greek roots geo, meaning earth, and thermos, meaning heat) is power extracted from heat stored in the earth. This geothermal energy originates from the original formation of the planet, from radioactive decay of minerals, and from solar energy absorbed at the surface. It has been used for bathing since Paleolithic times and for space heating since ancient Roman times, but is now better known for generating } and tidal are from current solar insolation or from fossil remains of plant and animal life that relied directly and indirectly upon sunlight, respectively. Ultimately, solar energy itself is the result of the Sun's nuclear fusion. Geothermal power from hot, hardened rock above the magma of the Earth's core is the result of the decay of radioactive materials present beneath the Earth's crust, and nuclear fission relies on man-made fission of heavy radioactive elements in the Earth's crust; in both cases these elements were produced in supernova explosions before the formation of the solar system.

Friday 11 June 2010

solar industries

Africa
December 15, 2009 Algeria Algiers, Algeria: Bidders Sought for 50 MW PV Manufacturing Plant. The Electricity and Gas Engineering Company, CEEG Company of Soneglaz Group has issued a request for bidders for the development of a 50 MW manufacturing facility.
Asia/Pacific
May 25, 2010 Germany/Singapore Obernburg, Germany: Reis Robotics Completes Equipment Installation at New REC Factory in Singapore. Reis Robotics recently won an order for planning and realization of the fully automated module production with a nominal capacity of 400 MW for REC in Singapore.

May 24, 2010 Malaysia Johor Baharu, Malaysia: STX Energy to Establish Cell Manufacturing Plant. Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak, on Saturday witnessed the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding concerning the Senai High Technology Park (SHTP).

May 13, 2010 China Xinyu City, China: LDK Solar Raises Polysilicon Capacity. LDK Solar today announced that its second 5,000 MT train in its 15,000 MT polysilicon plant achieved mechanical completion and will begin ramping production.

May 12, 2010 China Shanghai, China: Solarfun Accelerates Capacity Expansion Plan. Due to demand from customers for the second half of 2010, Solarfun Power plans to increase module capacity to 900 MW by August 2010.

May 10, 2010 Italy/Saudi Arabia Fontaniva, Italy: P.Energy Delivers Module Assembly Production Line to Saudi Arabia. P.Energy has delivered a new PV module assembly production line to KACST in Saudi Arabia. It has a production capacity of 5 MW/year.

April 19, 2010 China Xinyu City, China: LDK Solar Reaches 2 GW Wafer Production Capacity. LDK Solar today announced that it reached the milestone of 2.0 gigawatts (GW) annualized capacity at its wafer plant.

April 15, 2010 United States New York, NY, USA: Solar Thin Films, Inc. to Construct Thin Film Manufacturing Plant for China City Investments. Solar Thin Films, Inc. today announced that its planned subsidiary BudaSolar Technologies Co., Ltd. has signed a contract with China City Investments Limited as technology provider for the delivery of turnkey production lines.

April 2, 2010 China Leshan, China: Ledian Tianwei Silicon Technology Starts Up Polysilicon Plant. Ledian Tianwei Silicon Technology Co. Ltd. has successfully started up its 3000 MTY polysilicon production plant in Leshan, Sichuan Province, China, and is now producing high-purity polysilicon that will be used to produce cells and modules for the solar industry and wafers for the electronic industry.

March 29, 2010 Japan Sakai City, Japan: Sharp Starts Operations at New Thin Film Manufacturing Plant. Sharp has started operations at its new thin-film solar cell plant in Sakai City, Osaka, Prefecture, Japan.

March 29, 2010 Singapore Singapore: Anwell Technologies Starts Production of Thin Film Modules. Anwell Technologies, a supplier of advanced manufacturing equipment and process technologies for optical disc, OLED and solar industries is pleased to announce its official entry into the solar industry as it begins mass production of amorphous silicon thin film solar panels.

March 19, 2010 Singapore Singapore: Flextronics Opens Module Manufacturing Facility; Plans 1 GW Capacity in Two Years. Flextronics has dedicated one million square feet to create a clean tech supersite established at its facility in Port of Tanjung Pelepas (PTP), Malaysia.

March 12, 2010 Taiwan Tainan, Taiwan: Applied Materials Expands Solar Equipment, Display Manufacturing Capability in Taiwan. Applied Materials has opened its newly expanded Tainan Manufacturing Center in Tainan, Taiwan. The nearly 15,000 square meter facility will enhance Applied’s capability to serve its FPD and thin film solar PV customers in Asia.

March 10, 2010 Taiwan Hsinchu, Taiwan: DelSolar to Proceed with 900 MW Cell and Module Manufacturing Plant. The Board of DelSolar has approved the construction of a new manufacturing plant in Jhunan, Taiwan.

March 5, 2010 China Hong Kong, China: China Gogreen Assets Starts Construction on 100 MW Thin Film Plant. China Gogreen Assets Investment Limited hosted a foundation stone laying and kick-off ceremony in Henan for its first phase development after the establishment of Henan Gogreen Energy Limited, which involves the construction of an annual 100 megawatt production line.

March 2, 2010 Japan Tokyo, Japan: Kyocera Plans 1 GW Production Capacity by 2013. Kyocera Corporation has recently completed construction of a new solar cell manufacturing plant; further increasing the company's production capacity to meet the growing demand for solar energy products.

March 1, 2010 Japan Tokyo, Japan: Mitsubishi Electric Expands Production Capacity. Mitsubishi Electric has completed construction of PV Cell Plant #2, a new photovoltaic cell production facility at its Nakatsugawa Works Iida Factory in Nagano Prefecture.

February 18, 2010 United States/China Merrimack, NH, USA: GT Solar Receives $20M Order. GT Solar and Jiangxi Sornid Hi-Tech have signed a new contract totaling more than $20 million for GT Solar’s GT-DSS450™ ingot growth furnaces and ancillary equipment and services

February 16, 2010 United States San Mateo, CA, USA: China Solar Power Signs Agreement for Third Thin Film Amorphous Silicon Plant. China Solar Power, a manufacturer of thin film amorphous silicon photovoltaic solar modules, announced that it has signed an investment agreement with Suzhou Industrial Park for its third solar cell manufacturing facility in China.

February 1, 2010 United Statess/Korea Bedford, MA, USA: Hanwha Commissions 30MW Solar Cell Manufacturing Line. Spire Corporation's 30MW per year turnkey solar cell line has been accepted by Hanwha Chemical Corporation Ltd. of South Korea (Hanwha).

January 8, 2010 China Shanghai, China: Solarfun to Expand Cell and Module Manufacturing Capacity. Solarfun Power today announced a capacity expansion due to anticipated demand.

December 21, 2009 France/China Paris, France: Air Liquide Signs Supply Contracts with Thirteen Chinese Cell Manufacturers. Air Liquide has recently signed thirteen new contracts with crystalline-Silicon (c-Si) solar cell manufacturers in China.

December 10, 2009 Taiwan Hsingchu, Taiwan: Neo Solar Power Expands Manufacturing Capacity to 600MW. Taiwanese cell manufaturer, Neo Solar Power announced today that it will expand its 2010 manufacturing capacity from 240MW to 600MW, which represents a 150% increase from 2009.

November 19, 2009 China Shenzhen, China: DuPont Apollo Opens Thin Film PV Production Facility. DuPont Apollo has opened its silicon based thin-film PV module manufacturing facility in China. The 538,000 sq. ft. manufacturing facility will have an annual capacity of up to 50 MW.

November 17, 2009 Japan Tokyo, Japan: Sanyo Sets Out Manufacturing Capacity Plans. Sanyo Electric has completed its third factory building (Bldg. C) of Nishikinohama Factory (Kaizuka City, Osaka), already the "mother factory" for SANYO’s photovoltaic system business.

October 22, 2009 Malaysia Charlotte, NC, USA: Q-Cells Selects Camstar For New Malaysian Mega-Factory. Q-Cells SE has selected Camstar’s SolarSuite™, configured for the Solar industry on the Camstar Enterprise Platform, to drive down cost per watt through improved process quality and cell efficiency.

October 8, 2009 India Hyderabad, India: KSK Surya Photovoltaic Venture to Build 150MW Thin Film Manufacturing Plant. KSK Surya Photovoltaic Venture, Private Limited (KSK), a subsidiary of KSK Power Ventur plc, a leading independent power provider in India, has signed a contract with Applied Materials, Inc. to purchase two Applied SunFab™ Thin Film Lines.

Europe
May 24, 2010 Israel/Spain Tel Aviv, Israel: BrightView’s In-line Metrology Solution Adopted by T-Solar. BrightView Systems, a provider of in-line metrology-based process control and optimization tools for thin-film solar cell manufacturing received technical acceptance and announces deployment of its InSight-M at T-Solar’s thin film solar factory at Ourence, Spain.

May 31, 2010 Germany Freiberg, Germany: SolarWorld Inaugurates New Wafer Production Facility. SolarWorld AG today inaugurated its new solar wafer production in the presence of Germany´s Federal Environment Minister Röttgen in Freiberg.

May 6, 2010 Canada/Europe Burnaby, BC, Canada: Day4 Energy Expanding Production Capacity in Europe. Day4 Energy is expanding its third party manufacturing facility in Europe. Day4 Energy is expanding production from 50MW (megawatts) annually to 120MW to meet increased demand for the Company's photovoltaic products.

May 3, 2010 Germany Greifswald, Germany: SOLON Adds New Module Assembly Line. After only eight weeks of construction, SOLON SE inaugurated a new production line for solar modules at its manufacturing site in Greifswald today.

April 28, 2010 Germany Blaubeuren, Germany: Centrotherm and Reis Partner on Turnkey Production Lines. Centrotherm photovoltaics AG and Reis GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenfabrik intend to jointly offer and further develop solutions in the future for turnkey production lines to manufacture crystalline solar cells and modules.

April 19, 2010 Germany Munich, Germany: Centrosolar Expands Manufacturing Capacity. Centrosolar Sonnenstromfabrik GmbH, one of the largest solar module manufacturing plants in Europe and a fully owned subsidiary of the listed Centrosolar Group AG, has started up a new production line for solar modules.

February 16, 2010 Switzerland Trubbach, Switzerland: Oerlikon Solar Expands Into Spanish Market. Oerlikon Solar today announced that Gadir Solar is using its amorphous thin film silicon PV technology at the solar fabrication plant located in the bay of Cadiz, Spain. Gadir Solar’s plant, one of the largest in Europe, began operation in October 2009.

January 20, 2010 The Netherlands Heerlen, The Netherlands: Solland Solar and AT&S to Build Prototype Module Production Line. As part of their ongoing technology partnership, Solland Solar and AT&S will build a prototype line for photovoltaic modules with Sunweb(R) back-contacted solar cells.
December 21, 2009 France Bordeaux, France: First Solar and EDF Close to Concluding Manufacturing Plant Negotiations. First Solar and EDF Energies Nouvelles have announced that they are in the final stages of exclusive negotiations with the town of Blanquefort, near the city of Bordeaux, to locate a new solar panel manufacturing plant.

October 27, 2009 Spain Valdelafuente, Spain: GT Solar Commissions Wafer Line for DC Wafers. GT Solar has received final acceptance for the design, installation and commissioning of one of the most technologically-advanced turnkey wafer fabrication lines in Spain.

October 16, 2009 United States/Poland San Francisco, CA, USA: BP Solar Announces Agreement with Jabil to Manufacture Solar Modules in Poland. BP Solar today announced an agreement with Jabil Circuit, Inc. to manufacture BP Solar modules for the European market in Jabil’s plant in Poland.

October 6, 2009 United States Lansing, MI, USA: Suniva to Invest $250M in Manufacturing Facility. Governor Jennifer M. Granholm today announced a significant addition to Michigan's burgeoning clean-energy industrial base as Georgia-based Suniva Inc. will invest $250 million in a new solar manufacturing facility in Saginaw County's Thomas Township.

September 21, 2009 Germany Bonn, Germany: SolarWorld to Expand Module Capacity to 450 Megawatts. Solarworld AG is to expand its production capacity for solar power modules in Freiberg in Saxony. The capacity will be tripled to 450 megawatts by the end of 2010.

September 21, 2009 Germany Sonnenbühl, Germany: Schiller Automation and Merck Co-Operate on Innovative Edge Isolation. Schiller Automation and Merck today announced the official start of construction of an innovative line for edge isolation of crystalline silicon wafers.

September 15, 2009 Italy Pozzolo Formigaro, Italy: Lux to Commence Wafer Production. At the beginning of July, Lux signed an agreement with ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH for the supply of a type SCU400plus DSS (directional solidification system).

September 10, 2009 Denmark Sonderborg, Denmark: Danfoss Solar to Raise Inverter Production Capacity to 1 GW. Danfoss Solar says the demand for its grid-connected solar inverter range has increased significantly in 2009. As a result, Danfoss is now preparing for further growth in 2010 by increasing production capacity to 1 GW.

North America
May 18, 2010 Germany/United States Ravensburg, Germany: Mage Solar to Establish Module Manufacturing in Georgia. Mage Solar GmbH is to set up the solar company’s North American headquarters and production facility for photovoltaic modules in the state of Georgia.

May 17, 2010 United States Hopewell Junction, NY, USA: SpectraWatt Inaugurates New Cell Manufacturing Plant. SpectraWatt has officially launched their factory in Hopewell Junction, New York with an open house event that included a ribbon-cutting ceremony and factory tours.

April 23, 2010 United States Memphis, TN, USA: Sharp Inaugurates PV System on Manufacturing Plant. Yesterday, the Sharp Manufacturing Company of America's solar manufacturing plant welcomed local officials for ribbon-cutting to commemorate a significant new solar electric system at the facility.

April 22, 2010 United States San Jose, CA, USA: SunPower and Flextronics Partner on 75 MW US Module Assembly Plant. SunPower Corporation is partnering with Flextronics to begin manufacturing solar panels in Milpitas, Calif. by the end of this year.

April 5, 2010 United States Senatobia, MS, USA: Twin Creeks Technologies Locates Manufacturing Facility in Mississippi. Twin Creeks Technologies, a venture-backed solar technology company, is locating a solar panel manufacturing facility in Senatobia, Miss.

March 12, 2010 Germany/United States Niestetal, Germany: SMA Plans Ontario Manufacturing Facility. Inverter manufacturer, SMA Solar Technology AG is to strengthen its presence in North America with the foundation of a subsidiary in Canada. The site will be selected during the course of the first half of 2010.

March 4, 2010 United States San Diego, CA, USA: Kyocera to Manufacture Solar Modules in the United States. Kyocera Solar is to start manufacturing solar modules in San Diego, Calif., to serve the U.S. market’s growing demand for clean energy.

February 25, 2010 United States Merrimack, NH, USA: GT Solar Receives Orders Totaling More than $200 Million. GT Solar has signed new contracts totaling more than $200 million for its market-leading DSS450™ ingot growth furnaces and ancillary equipment and services.

February 10, 2010 United States Albuquerque, NM, USA: Solar Distinction to Set Up 25 MW Manufacturing Plant. Solar Distinction Inc., a New Mexico company owned by the Noribachi Group, a private equity firm, will build a state-of-the-art photovoltaic manufacturing plant in Albuquerque.

February 2, 2010 United States San Diego, CA, USA: Siliken to Build PV Module Production Plant in Ontario. The Siliken Group of renewable energy companies will open a plant manufacturing photovoltaic modules in Ontario, Canada, with an initial production capacity of 50 MW.

January 27, 2010 United States Phoenix, AZ, USA: Suntech Power Selects City of Goodyear for Module Assembly Plant. Suntech Power has selected the City of Goodyear, Arizona for the location of its US module assembly plant.

January 21, 2010 United States St Louis, MO, USA: Confluence Solar Announces $200M Solar Manufacturing Facility. Confluence Solar to announce that the company has selected Clinton, Tennessee as the home of their new manufacturing, warehousing and distribution facility.

January 18, 2010 United States Wilmington, DE, USA: DuPont Announces $175M Tedlar Manufacturing Capacity Expansion. DuPont has announced an investment of $175 million to complete the multi-phase expansion of its DuPont™ Tedlar® PV2001 series oriented film production line.

December 18, 2009 United States Albuquerque, NM, USA: Schott Solar Expands Module Production. Less than nine months after beginning production at its new Albuquerque facility, SCHOTT Solar yesterday announced the expansion of its photovoltaic module production line.

December 7, 2009 Canada Cambridge, ON, Canada: Photowatt to Start Module Assembly in Canada. ATS Automation Tooling Systems Inc has established a new operating subsidiary, Photowatt Ontario Inc, as part of its plan to lead the Ontario solar energy market.

December 4, 2009 Canada Toronto, ON, Canada: Opsun Panels to Set Up 50MW Production Line. Opsun Panels Inc., a subsidiary of Opsun Technologies Inc., has decided to set up a 50 MW solar panel production line in Ontario to meet the Feed In Tariff’s Domestic Content requirement.

December 3, 2009 Canada Kitchener, Canada: Canadian Solar to Build Solar Panel Manufacturing Facility in Ontario. Canadian Solar is commencing the site selection and approvals process to establish a 200 megawatt module manufacturing facility in Ontario.

December 1, 2009 United States Philadelphia, PA, USA: Heliosphera to Open Thin Film Manufacturing Plant in Philadelphia. Governor Edward G. Rendell announced yesterday that a thin-film solar panel producer will open a manufacturing facility in Philadelphia’s Navy Yard, creating 400 jobs and leveraging hundreds of millions of dollars of private investment

Thursday 11 March 2010

Solar Thermal Industry

There is a sizeable base of solar thermal industry, which has come up in the country for manufacturing of solar water heating systems and different type of solar cookers. Normally, design configuration of solar water heating systems is based either on flat plate solar collectors or evacuated tube solar collectors. An Indian Standard is available for testing and performance of flat plate collectors, and license to use ISI-mark is granted by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) to the products meeting the requirements.

Solar Flat Plate Collectors

The BIS operates a scheme for testing and inspection of solar flat plate collectors, based on IS 12933:2003, whereby the manufacturers are required to apply to BIS for obtaining the license to mark their product with ISI. The manufacturers whose product has been certified by BIS in conformity with the relevant Indian Standard are eligible to get support under various MNRE programmes. A list of such manufacturers is maintained by BIS at its website (http://www.bis.org.in/cert/bg.html). There are 58 manufacturers as on September 25, 2007. In case of difficulty to access the site, the following URL may be copied in the Internet browser:

http://nicdc.nic.in/CMMS/InternetRep/InternetReportView.aspx?strstate=&strISNO=12933.001&Report=14&StrProdName=IS%2012933%20:%20Part%201%20:%202003&strDistt=&strBrand=

Evacuated Tube Collectors based Solar Hot Water Systems

Solar hot water systems are also configured to have evacuated tube collectors (ETCs), instead of flat plate solar collectors. Presently, there are no Indian Standards available to test ETCs. However, with a view to make these systems available, the Ministry maintains a list of eligible manufacturers/ suppliers. In order to register in this list, the manufacturer/supplier of ETC based systems is required to submit an application in the format to

The Director,
Solar Thermal Group,
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy,
Block 14, CGO Complex, Lodi Road,
New Delhi – 110 003

The various enclosures, which are required to be submitted along with the application, include the following:

A copy of the test report on the performance of a typical solar hot water system from either of the test centres; the test sample of solar hot water system shall use the imported ETCs.

A copy of the test report of ETCs as obtained by the foreign manufacturer from an Internationally accredited laboratory.

A copy of the agreement of the manufacturer/ supplier with the foreign supplier appointing him as the local agent for the sale and service of the ETCs or authorizing him to sell their product in India with availability of their full technical support.

A profile of the Company to show experience in dealing with the sale and service of the solar thermal products.

Guidelines are being amended for empanelment of manufacturers/suppliers of ETC based Solar Water Heating Systems. Comments/observations may be mailed by 14th November, 2008 if any.

Box-type Solar Cookers

Similar to flat plate solar collectors, box-type solar cookers are also covered under BIS scheme of testing and inspection to grant license to the manufacturers to use ISI-mark on their product. A list of manufacturers whose product has been certified in conformity of IS 13429: 2000 is maintained by BIS at its website (http://www.bis.org.in/cert/bg.html). In order to access the list directly, the following URL may be copied in the Internet browser:

http://nicdc.nic.in/CMMS/InternetRep/InternetReportView.aspx?strstate=&strISNO=13429.001&Report=14&StrProdName=IS%2013429%20:%20Part%201%20:%202000&strDistt=&strBrand=

As on September 25, 2007, there are five manufacturers who are holding the BIS-license. Besides these, there are other known manufacturers of box-type solar cookers, whose names are available in the list of box-type solar cookers.

Concentrating Solar Cookers

There are three type of concentrating solar cookers viz. dish solar cookers, community (Scheffler) solar cooker for indoor cooking, and solar steam cooking systems. The Ministry compiles a list of known manufacturers of concentrating solar cookers.

The Solar Energy Centre (SEC), established in 1982, is a dedicated unit of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India for development of solar energy technologies and to promote its applications through product development
State-wise estimated potential and Cumulative Achievements for family type biogas plants up to 31-03-2009

and targets and achievements during 2009-10 as on 31st December, 2009.



State/ Union Territories
Estimated Potential (Nos. of Biogas Plants)
Cumulative achievement as on 31/03/2009
Targets 2009-10 (in nos. of BGPs)
Achievements During 2009-10 (as on 31/12/2009)*
Cumulative achievements* as on 31/12/2009

Andhra Pradesh
1065000
444239
16500
8260
452499

Arunachal Pradesh
7500
2795
200
23
2818

Assam
307000
71142
10000
3045
74187

Bihar
733000
125688
300
-
125688

Chattisgarh
400000
28617
5000
1959
30576

Goa
8000
3862
50
16
3878

Gujarat
554000
401394
10000
3579
404973

Haryana
300000
52661
1500
684
53345

Himachal Pradesh
125000
45471
150
17
45488

Jammu & Kashmir
128000
2334
100
18
2352

Jharkhand
100000
3903
500
505
4408

Karnataka
680000
408436
20000
2805
411241

Kerala
150000
122378
6000
1824
124202

Madhya Pradesh
1491000
280466
16000
7083
287549

Maharashtra
897000
769292
8000
4118
773410

Manipur
38000
2128
50
-
2128

Meghalaya
24000
5836
400
222
6058

Mizoram
5000
3770
100
-
3770

Nagaland
6700
3548
350
195
3743

Orissa
605000
234522
5000
871
235393

Punjab
411000
98039
10000
3666
101705

Rajasthan
915000
67172
50
-
67172

Sikkim
7300
6778
200
148
6926

Tamilnadu
615000
214776
1500
257
215033

Tripura
28000
2746
100
25
2771

Uttar Pradesh
1938000
419017
4000
499
419516

Uttarakhand
83000
9283
900
307
9590

West Bengal
695000
301762
15000
3998
305760

A&N Islands
2200
137
0
-
137

Chandigarh
1400
97
0
-
97

Dadra & Nagar Haveli
2000
169
0
-
169

Delhi
12900
679
0
-
679

Pondicherry
4300
573
50
-
573

KVIC and Others
-
0
18000
7608
7608

Total 12339300
4133710
150000
51732
4185442


*Figures are being firmed up.